The chief defect in this respect has been
either that the light has been too abrupt, and consequently the high
lights are very white and the shadows heavy, giving the pictures an
under-exposed appearance, or the face is devoid of shadow, one side
being as light as the other; hence it lacks the roundness necessary
to constitute a good picture. In most instances the former defect has
arisen from the reflecting screen not being properly placed so as to
reflect back the light in the right direction, or it has been too far
from the model; hence it has lost the greater part of its value. It
should be borne in mind that the nearer the sitter is to the source of
light the nearer the reflector must be to him, and also that at whatever
angle the light falls upon the reflector it is always thrown off at a
corresponding one.
Now, supposing that the light falls upon the model at an angle of, say,
40 deg.: we shall have to place our reflecting screen at somewhat the same
angle, and the nearer it is approached the greater will be the effect
produced. If the sitter be placed very close to the window and the
reflector a long way off, or if it project the light in a wrong
direction, it is manifest that in the resulting pictures the
shadows will, of necessity, be heavy, and the negative will have an
under-exposed appearance, however long may have been given, simply
because there was no harmony in the lighting of the model.
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